CBC blood test
Definition
全血细胞计数(CBC)测试测量以下内容:
- The number of white blood cells (
WBC count ) - The number of red blood cells (
RBC count ) - The number of platelets
- The total amount of
hemoglobin in the blood - 红血球血液中由红血球组成的部分(
hematocrit )
CBC测试还提供以下测量信息:
- Mean red blood cell volume (MCV)
-
Mean
hemoglobin amount per red blood cell (MCH) - 血红蛋白的平均量相对于细胞的大小(血红蛋白浓度)每个红细胞(MCHC)
Alternative Names
Complete blood count; Anemia - CBC
How the Test is Performed
A
How to Prepare for the Test
不需要特别的准备.
How the Test will Feel
当针头插入抽血时,您可能会感到中度疼痛. 有些人只感到刺痛或刺痛. 之后可能会有一些悸动或轻微的瘀伤. This soon goes away.
Why the Test is Performed
全血细胞计数是一种常用的实验室检查. 它可用于检测或监测许多不同的健康状况. 您的医疗保健提供者可能会要求进行此测试:
- If you are having symptoms, such as fatigue, weight loss, 发烧或其他感染的迹象, weakness, bruising, bleeding, or any signs of cancer
- 当你正在接受治疗(药物或放疗),可能会改变你的血细胞计数结果
- 监测长期(慢性)健康问题,可能会改变你的血液计数结果, such as chronic kidney disease
Normal Results
血液计数可能随海拔而变化. In general, normal results are:
RBC count:
- Male: 4.7 to 6.1 million cells/mcL
- Female: 4.2 to 5.4 million cells/mcL
WBC count:
- 4,500 to 10,000 cells/mcL
Hematocrit:
- Male: 40.7% to 50.3%
- Female: 36.1% to 44.3%
Hemoglobin:
- Male: 13.8 to 17.2 gm/dL
- Female: 12.1 to 15.1 gm/dL
Red blood cell indices:
- MCV: 80 to 95 femtoliter
- MCH: 27 to 31 pg/cell
- MCHC: 32 to 36 gm/dL
Platelet count:
- 150,000 to 450,000/dL
上面的例子是这些测试结果的常用测量方法. 不同实验室的正常值范围可能略有不同. 一些实验室使用不同的测量方法或测试不同的样品. 和你的十大赌博平台排行榜谈谈你的具体检查结果的意义.
What Abnormal Results Mean
红细胞、血红蛋白或红细胞压积高可能是由于:
- A lack of enough water and fluids, such as from severe diarrhea, excessive sweating, 或者用来治疗高血压的水丸
- Kidney disease with high
erythropoietin production - 血液中氧含量很长时间都很低, 最常见的原因是心脏或肺部疾病, chronic carbon monoxide exposure, or living at a high altitude
Polycythemia vera - Smoking
- Use of testosterone
红细胞、血红蛋白或红细胞压积低是贫血的征兆,可能由以下原因引起:
Blood loss (要么是突然的,要么是由于长时间的月经过多等问题)- 骨髓衰竭(例如,放射、感染或肿瘤)
- Breakdown of red blood cells (
hemolysis ) - Cancer and cancer treatment
- 某些长期(慢性)疾病, such as chronic kidney disease, ulcerative colitis, or rheumatoid arthritis
- Iron deficiency
- Leukemia
- Long-term infections such as
hepatitis - 饮食和营养不良导致铁元素过少
folate ,vitamin B12 , orvitamin B6 Multiple myeloma
白细胞计数低于正常水平称为白细胞减少症. 白细胞计数减少可能是由于:
- Alcohol abuse and liver damage
- Autoimmune diseases (such as
systemic lupus erythematosus ) - 骨髓衰竭(例如,由于感染、肿瘤、放射或纤维化)
- 化疗药物:用于治疗癌症的化疗药物
- Disease of the liver or spleen
- Enlarged spleen
- 由病毒引起的感染,如单核细胞增多症或艾滋病
- Medicines
白细胞计数高称为白细胞增多症. It can result from:
- 某些药物,如皮质类固醇
- Infections
- Diseases such as lupus,
rheumatoid arthritis , orallergy - Leukemia
- 严重的精神或身体压力
- 组织损伤(如烧伤或心脏病发作)
血小板计数高可能是由于:
- Bleeding
- 癌症或血液病等疾病
- Iron deficiency
- Problems with the bone marrow
血小板计数低可能是由于:
- 血小板被破坏的疾病
- Pregnancy
- Enlarged spleen
- 骨髓衰竭(例如,由于感染、肿瘤、放射或纤维化)
- 化疗药物:用于治疗癌症的化疗药物
Risks
抽血的风险很小. 静脉和动脉的大小因人而异, 从身体的一边到另一边. 从某些人身上采血可能比从其他人身上采血更困难.
其他与抽血相关的风险很小,但可能包括:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling lightheaded
- 血肿(皮肤下积血)
- 感染(任何时候皮肤破裂都有轻微风险)
Considerations
红细胞运输血红蛋白,而血红蛋白又运输氧气. 机体组织接受的氧气量取决于红细胞和血红蛋白的数量和功能.
白细胞是炎症的介质
- 中性粒细胞(多形核白细胞)
- 带细胞(略不成熟的中性粒细胞)
- T-type lymphocytes (T cells)
- B-type lymphocytes (B cells)
- Monocytes
Eosinophils - Basophils
References
Lin JC, Benz Jr. EJ. 成人和儿童贫血的治疗方法. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE,等编. 血液学:基本原理与实践. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 35.
Means RT. Approach to the anemias. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 149.
Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. 血液和骨髓的基本检查. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. 亨利氏病的临床诊断及实验室方法处理. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 31.
Review Date: 10/16/2022